Blue skies :)

Brett Knowlton brettk at unica-usa.com
Tue Nov 10 21:02:10 PST 1998


Chuck is correct - the "law" of physics which states that light is scattered as the fourth power of its frequency is an empirical law, but one that holds any time you've got light being scattered by small particles (i.e. atoms and molecules). I'm not sure how the microscopic interactions lead to this macroscopic phenomenon - could be surface area, vibrational frequency of molecular bonds, etc. But it doesn't much matter what type of gas you have, as long as you have a gas, you get the same result. The density will determine the intensity of the scattering. You won't get any scattering in a vacuum, for example.

It is also true that "black bodies" absorb a large percentage of incident light, while white objects reflect most of it away, which leads to black objects getting hotter more quickly in the sun, etc.

Just for fun, I thought I'd share another scientific theorem with the group.

Most techies are familiar with the equation:

Power = Work / Time

Now, using the well known relationships that Knowledge is Power, and Time is Money (knowledge = power and time = money), we get:

Knowledge = Work / Money

Solving for Money yields

Money = Work / Knowledge.

So, knowledge and money are inversely related, which explains why the capitalists have all the cash!

Brett


>>> through the atmosphere it undergoes elastic (Rayleigh) scattering.
>>>If all wavelengths were scattered equally then the sky would be simply
>>>a bright white; instead the scattering goes as the frequency of the
>>>light to the fourth power. What this means is that the blue end of
>>>the visible spectrum is scattered more than the red end resulting in
>>>a blue sky.
>>
>>Whoa. So, like, does this have to do with the chemical composition of
>>the atmosphere, i.e. the proportion of nitrogen to oxygen, or is this a
>>law of physics? If Neptune had clear skies, which apparently it doesn't
>>(pretty cloudy in the outer planets) would they be blue-shifted, too?
>>
>>-- Dennis
>
>--------------------
>
>Since this seems like an invitation to freefall into complete bullshit,
>here is an ad hoc explanation. The scattering factor, the fourth power
>term itself is a crude average determined by an estimate of the particle
>surface area, its reflective quality (elastic collision properties), in
>addition to the density of these per unit volume. I think physics
>politely refers to such terms as 'empirical constants', i.e. look 'n
>see guess :). The chemical composition itself maybe incidental to the
>surface characteristics and density. In other words particulates with
>different chemistry, lead to the same power term, if their surface has
>the similar physical characteristics. So, Mars for example has blue
>skies with little or no oxygen or nitrogen(?), but mostly CO2(?). But
>the same idea of surface character goes to explain the color properties
>of things, with scattering effects, reflected wave lengths or elastic
>collisions and those frequencies absoped or inelastic collisions, which
>is why black gets warmer in the sunlight than white.
>
>I don't suppose LBO is the proper forum to discuss the problems of dark
> matter, mean density, and the Hubble sphere? Hmm, guess not.
>
>Short form: don't open the air lock, just cause it looks pretty outside.
>
>Chuck Grimes



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