I don't profess to expertise but:
extension of civil and political rights after CW resulted not only in black males voting but in their participation in state and local governments...Southern Bourbons vilified Reconstruction-era governments with black representatves that established the first public education systems, taxed the planters, funded public projects, recognized tenancy and labor rights, and in a few cases began to reorganize the system of land ownership...indicative of their bourgeois democratic character, these legislatures also subsidized railroads and other capitalist ventures for the purpose of economic growth and development...
Black reps were a majority in the lower house of South Carolina's legislature during several sessions in the late 1860s & early 1870s... blacks served as lieutenant-governors, secretaries of state & treasury, state superintendents of education, house speakers in several states... spread of political democracy also brought election of small land-owning, landless, and laboring whites who had been denied franchise rights in the slave South (desertion by poor whites drafted into the Confederate army had been common)...Bourbon newspapers railed against governments of "black and white n-words"...
Northern bourgeoisie's unwillingness to confiscate slavocracy's land and redistribute resulted in share-cropping agricultural system... planter reclamation of political power was related to retention of estates while political coalition of small white landowners and black share-tenants was undermined...add amnesty granted to ex- Confederate leaders, toleration of racist press, & lukewarm (at best) efforts to suppress klan and other terrorist groups...
coincidence that reaction in the North (suppression of railroad strike) and counter-revolution in the South (white terror and political coups) were unleashed in the same year (1877)?...Michael Hoover