Louis, in order to get the Klan to cooperate in getting that land and setting up a govt (probably for a few select NOI leaders who could then employ and govern oppressed black people), what did the NOI have to promise to the Wizard and his buddies? Perhaps that the NOI would turn a blind eye to Klan terror against integrationists or that Malcolm would encourage his NOI base not to lend support to the integrationists, facing violence and terror? Maybe such acts should not be construed as an act of cooperation.
I differ and so did Malcolm X who describes his relationship with the Klan at this point as one of "tacit agreement." What did he do or agree to do that he felt so "shameful" about?
At any rate, I am not sure that Malcolm clearly abandoned the lunacy of creating a separate all black nation in the South. His calls for guerilla warfare in the South may indeed only be a radicalisation of separatist struggle.
>
> I regard most Malcolm X biographies as fairly hostile to him, but on this
> particular question, none that I have seen consider Malcolm's actions to be
> other than reflecting his submission to NOI discipline. Furthermore, they
> point out that it was Malcolm himself who subsequently revealed to the
> world that these overtures had taken place, at GREAT RISK to his life.
So we go from debating whether Malcolm X cooperated or tacitly agreed with the Klan to the question of whether he only did so due to NOI discipline.
I just don't get why he is more well known or a greater hero than those who would never have lowered themselves into entering into any kind of relationship with the Klan and had been facing that terror straight on all along--Bob Moses, Forman, Baker, Len Holt.
However that he was willing to expose Elijiah Muhammed for his and his own "involvement" with the Klan may indeed be a greater contribution than his criticism of the March on Washington.
I am sorry I don't still have the article with me. I lent it to someone and never got it back. Nor do I have any Carson book but his history of SNCC. At any rate, I did check with someone at home about whether I had remembered Carson's claim about Malcolm X's involvement with the Klan correctly. I had no intention of being dishonest, and I appreciate your typing in the FBI record in Carson's book. Does Carson himself make any substantial comments on that record? Would you be kind enough to reproduce more of his comments than you already have?
Yours, Rakesh