The article has many more examples of anti-Semitic remarks from Keynes and makes it clear that his attitudes were more unequivocal and stronger than those of Schumpeter or Hayek. In all cases it is noted that they were "ambivalent," accepting certain Jews while (allegedly) maintaining more general negative stereotypes that were widespread among "educated elites" prior to around 1950.
Schumpeter famously defended Paul Samuelson in the decision by Harvard not to hire him, and also defended other Jews against discrimination. However, he expressed negative attitudes in private diaries, where he also expressed an understanding that it was not acceptable to openly express such attitudes. Some of his nastier statements include some quotes that appear in a biography of him by Richard Swedberg, 1991, _Schumpeter: A Biography_ Princeton University Press.
p. 150, "He [Schumpeter] thought that the British and the Jews had won the war with the help of the United States. The whole thing was a 'Jewish victory' and the Americans had accomplished what Hitler had originally set out to do to conquer the world." p. 141: "In his [Schumpeter's] private diary we find outbursts against 'n-words, Jews and subnormals' and statements of the following type: 'Just as the n-word dance is the dance of today, so is Keynesian economics the economics of today.' ... 'never attack the Jews and the Catholic Church...Attack on these spell defeat.'"
As I mentioned in my original post the evidence on Hayek is very weak. There is a footnote that a referee to the paper strongly objected to his inclusion with the other two. The closest to an anti-Semitic remark is one place where he is reported to have complained as follows (from _Hayek on Hayek_, Stephen Kresge and Leif Warner, eds., 1994, University of Chicago Press, p. 61):
[Hayek speaking as part of an oral interview in mid-1980s)
"Not my family, my family is on [sic] the purely Christian group; but in the university context I entered into the mixed group. And there were several things which I must confess I resented among our Jewish friends. The worst was that I was not allowed to speak about Jewish things; they did that all the time. Even the theme of 'Has he a Jewish accent?' was constantly discussed among them; if I would have said a word about it, it would have been bitterly resented."
Hayek, of course, strongly supported his mentor, Ludwig von Mises, who was Jewish and was a cousin of the three quarters Jewish, Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Although pushing the envelope, I don't think the above quote by Hayek can be viewed as constituting anti-Semitism. Barkley Rosser -----Original Message----- From: Doug Henwood <dhenwood at panix.com> To: lbo-talk at lists.panix.com <lbo-talk at lists.panix.com> Date: Sunday, February 18, 2001 6:21 PM Subject: Re: Anti-Semitism of Certain Famous Economists
>J. Barkley Rosser, Jr. wrote:
>
>> The Winter 2001 issue of the History of Political
>>Economy (HOPE) has an article bearing the subject
>>heading as its title by Melvin W. Reder. He alleges
>>anti-Semitism on the parts of Keynes, Schumpeter,
>>and Hayek. He also claims that there was a decline
>>in anti-Semitism after 1950.
>> His claims have triggered a major protest on the
>>Hayek list where it is argued that Reder's argument is
>>based on flimsy arguments and that Hayek never
>>exhibited any anti-Semitism. I think these protests
>>have merit. However, there has been a censoring of
>>any discussion on that list of any aspects of this article
>>other than to allow members of the list to denounce Reder's
>>remarks regarding Hayek.
>> I think that many on these lists might find the issues
>>raised in this article of interest, even if ultimately the
>>article is to be dismissed as totally misguided hogwash.
>>I would not be raising this if I did not think that at least some
>>of its arguments are not totally unreasonable.
>>Barkley Rosser
>
>Keynes clearly said some nasty stuff about Jews, but what's the
>evidence on Hayek and Schumpeter?
>
>Doug
>