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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>-----Original Message-----</B><BR><B>From:
</B><A href="mailto:LeoCasey@aol.com">LeoCasey@aol.com</A> <<A
href="mailto:LeoCasey@aol.com">LeoCasey@aol.com</A>><BR><B>To:
</B>Michael Pugliese <<A
href="mailto:debsian@pacbell.net">debsian@pacbell.net</A>><BR><B>Date:
</B>Tuesday, August 21, 2001 5:40 PM<BR><B>Subject: </B>Fwd: Bystanders to
Genocide<BR><BR></DIV></FONT><FONT face=arial,helvetica><FONT size=3>This
got garbled, and since I do not return to work until tomorrow, I can not
<BR>send it plain text. Can you do me the honors? <BR><BR></FONT><FONT
color=#000000 face=Arial lang=0 size=2 FAMILY = SANSSERIF><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE
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TYPE = CITE><BR><A
href="http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2001/09/power.htm">Click here:
The Atlantic | September 2001 | Bystanders to Genocide | Power</A>
<BR><BR>The Atlantic Monthly | September 2001 <BR><BR>Bystanders to
Genocide <BR><BR>The author's exclusive interviews with scores of the
participants in the <BR>decision-making, together with her analysis of
newly declassified <BR>documents, yield a chilling narrative of
self-serving caution and flaccid <BR>will—and countless missed
opportunities to mitigate a colossal crime <BR><BR>by Samantha Power
<BR><BR>I. People Sitting in Offices <BR><BR>In the course of a hundred
days in 1994 the Hutu government of Rwanda and <BR>its extremist allies
very nearly succeeded in exterminating the country's <BR>Tutsi minority.
Using firearms, machetes, and a variety of garden <BR>implements, Hutu
militiamen, soldiers, and ordinary citizens murdered some <BR>800,000
Tutsi and politically moderate Hutu. It was the fastest, most
<BR>efficient killing spree of the twentieth century. <BR><BR>A few
years later, in a series in <I>The New Yorker</I>, Philip Gourevitch
<BR>recounted in horrific detail <A
href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0312243359/theatlanticmonthA/">the
story</A> of the genocide and the world's <BR>failure to stop it.
President Bill Clinton, a famously avid reader, <BR>expressed shock. He
sent copies of Gourevitch's articles to his second-term
<BR>national-security adviser, Sandy Berger. The articles bore confused,
angry, <BR>searching queries in the margins. "Is what he's saying
true?" Clinton wrote <BR>with a thick black felt-tip pen beside
heavily underlined paragraphs. "How <BR>did this happen?" he
asked, adding, "I want to get to the bottom of this." <BR>The
President's urgency and outrage were oddly timed. As the terror in
<BR>Rwanda had unfolded, Clinton had shown virtually no interest in
stopping <BR>the genocide, and his Administration had stood by as the
death toll rose <BR>into the hundreds of thousands. <BR><BR>Why did the
United States not do more for the Rwandans at the time of the
<BR>killings? Did the President really not know about the genocide, as
his <BR>marginalia suggested? Who were the people in his Administration
who made <BR>the life-and-death decisions that dictated U.S. policy? Why
did they decide <BR>(or decide not to decide) as they did? Were any
voices inside or outside <BR>the U.S. government demanding that the
United States do more? If so, why <BR>weren't they heeded? And most
crucial, what could the United States have <BR>done to save lives?
<BR><BR>So far people have explained the U.S. failure to respond to the
Rwandan <BR>genocide by claiming that the United States didn't know what
was happening, <BR>that it knew but didn't care, or that regardless of
what it knew there was <BR>nothing useful to be done. The account that
follows is based on a <BR>three-year investigation involving sixty
interviews with senior, mid-level, <BR>and junior State Department,
Defense Department, and National Security <BR>Council officials who
helped to shape or inform U.S. policy. It also <BR>reflects dozens of
interviews with Rwandan, European, and United Nations <BR>officials and
with peacekeepers, journalists, and nongovernmental workers <BR>in
Rwanda. Thanks to the National Security Archive (<A
href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/">
<BR>http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/</A>), a nonprofit organization that
uses the <BR>Freedom of Information Act to secure the release of
classified U.S. <BR>documents, this account also draws on hundreds of
pages of newly available <BR>government records. This material provides
a clearer picture than was <BR>previously possible of the interplay
among people, motives, and events. It <BR>reveals that the U.S.
government knew enough about the genocide early on to <BR>save lives,
but passed up countless opportunities to intervene... <BR></FONT><FONT
color=#000000 face=Arial lang=0 size=3 FAMILY = SANSSERIF><BR>Leo Casey
<BR>United Federation of Teachers <BR>260 Park Avenue South <BR>New
York, New York 10010-7272 (212-598-6869) <BR><BR>Power concedes nothing
without a demand. <BR>It never has, and it never will. <BR>If there is
no struggle, there is no progress. <BR>Those who profess to favor
freedom, and yet deprecate agitation are men who <BR>want crops without
plowing the ground. They want rain without thunder and <BR>lightning.
They want the ocean without the awful roar of its waters. <BR>
<P align=center>-- Frederick Douglass -- <BR><BR>
<P align=left></FONT><FONT color=#000000 face=Arial lang=0 size=2 FAMILY
= SANSSERIF></P></BLOCKQUOTE><BR></FONT><FONT color=#000000 face=Arial
lang=0 size=3 FAMILY = SANSSERIF><BR><BR><BR>Leo Casey <BR>United Federation
of Teachers <BR>260 Park Avenue South <BR>New York, New York 10010-7272
(212-598-6869) <BR><BR>Power concedes nothing without a demand. <BR>It never
has, and it never will. <BR>If there is no struggle, there is no progress.
<BR>Those who profess to favor freedom, and yet deprecate agitation are men
who <BR>want crops without plowing the ground. They want rain without
thunder and <BR>lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its
waters. <BR>
<P align=center>-- Frederick Douglass -- <BR><BR><BR></FONT><FONT
color=#000000 face=Arial lang=0 size=2 FAMILY = SANSSERIF><BR></P>
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