I used the word "imposed" which can mean as you have read it "installed", I meant and should have been more exact in my expression, "imposed" in the sense of being externally supported and hence cemented into the political landscape (that is imposed on the body politic).
I would suggest without this external support (and we can include the USSR in this as well) Saddam would have shared the fate normally reserved for petit-Caesars - four or five years in office terminated by sudden death.
Perhaps all that would be thrown up was another Saddam, perhaps more room would be made in this process for other class forces to take the helm - we will not know, but external support tends to drastically distort class politics in any nation. I would have thought Iraq was a fairly good example of such distortion.
The same could be applied to any number of dictators around the world, some would not have gained power without direct external help (Suharto, Pinochet) others having gained temporay power remain longlived only thanks to such support (Quisling and Petain) and sometimes it is just difficult to disentangle where one thing begins and another ends.
On reflection I should have avoided the whole area as it is a minefield which forces a detour on what really should be discussed. All I was attempting to do is challenge ahistorical, generalist conclusions, but all I have seemed to do as usual is add confusion.
Greg Schofield Perth Australia g_schofield at dingoblue.net.au _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
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--- Message Received --- From: Michael Pugliese <debsian at pacbell.net> To: lbo-talk <lbo-talk at lists.panix.com> Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2002 16:49:43 -0800 Subject: Re: Saddam Imposed by US?
Ramsey Clark is a source here http://www.renaissance.com.pk/mjunrefl961.html ("Human Rights and the Game of Nations, " by Riaz ur Reheem ) below. No mention of CIA assistance in installing Sadaam Hussein in '68 here either. Michael Pugliese
Bibliography
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Bennis, Phyllis, and Moushabeck, Michel (eds.). Beyond the Storm: A Gulf Crisis Reader. Brooklyn, New York: Olive Branch Press, 1991.
Clark, Ramsey, and Others. War Crimes: A report on United States War Crimes Against Iraq. Washington, D.C: Maisonneuve Press, 1992.
Covert Operations, the Persian Gulf and the New World Order. Washington, D.C.: Christic Institute, 1991.
Chaliand, Gerard, and Vanly, Ismel. People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan. London: Zed Press, 1980.
Cockburn, Alexander. "Unlimited Violence Wins Out," Los Angeles Times, 11 March 1991.
Gonzalez, Henry B. Congressional Record (H. Res. 86, 21 February 1991). Can also be found in Clark: Appendix B.
High Crimes and Misdeameanors: U.S. War Crimes in the Persian Gulf. Report by Research Committe of San Francisco Commission of Inquiry, International War Crimes Tribunal, San Francisco.
Hitchins, Christopher. "Why We Are Stuck in the Sands," Harper’s Magazine, January 1991.
Hitchins, Christopher. "Minority Report," The Nation, 6 May 1991.
Middle East Watch. Needless Deaths in the Gulf War. New York: Human Rights Watch Press, 1991.
Salinger, Pierre, and Laurent, Eric. Secret Dossier: The Hidden Agenda behind the Gulf War. (Translated from the French by Howard Curtis). New York: Penguin Books, 1991.
Schorr, Daniel, "1975: Background to Betrayal," in Washington Post, 7 April 1991.
U.N. Documents:
International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.
International Covenant on Human Rights.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Optional Protocol to the United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
"Violence and Sorrow: The History of the Kurds," Covert Action Information Bulletin, Summer 1991.
Wise, David. "A People Betrayed," Los Angeles Times, 14 April 1991.