From each according to ability , to each according to work

Charles Brown CharlesB at cncl.ci.detroit.mi.us
Tue Jan 22 06:59:20 PST 2002


In socialism, if the principle is from each... to each according to work, then it is the responsibility of the society to the individuals in it to provide work to do within the division of labor. As technological development might increase the productivity of labor power, the average work for an individual should decrease, and leisure time increase. However, it seems somewhat unrealistic, as in believing in perpetual motion machines, to think that our necessary labor will fall to zero.

The way Marx describes labor it doesn't sound like we can totally do without it ( actually it seems to have some redeeming qualities, sensuous even)

"Labour is, in the first place, a process in which both man (sic) and Nature participate, and in which man of his own accord starts, regulates, and controls the material re-actions between himself and Nature. He opposes himself to Nature as one of her own forces, setting in motion arms and legs, head and hands, the natural forces of his body, in order to appropriate Nature's productions in a form adapted to his own wants. By thus acting on the external world and changing it, he at the same time changes his own nature. He develops his slumbering powers and compels them to act in obedience to his sway. We are not now dealing with those primitive instinctive forms of labour that remind us of the mere animal. An immeasurable interval of time separates the state of things in which a man brings his labour-power to market for sale as a commodity, from that state in which human labour was still in its first instinctive stage. We pre-suppose labour in a form that stamps it as exclusive! ly human. A spider conducts operations that resemble those of a weaver, and a bee puts to shame many an architect in the construction of her cells. But what distinguishes the worst architect from the best of bees is this, that the architect raises his structure in imagination before he erects it in reality. At the end of every labour-process, we get a result that already existed in the imagination of the labourer at its commencement. He not only effects a change of form in the material on which he works, but he also realises a purpose of his own that gives the law to his modus operandi, and to which he must subordinate his will. And this subordination is no mere momentary act. Besides the exertion of the bodily organs, the process demands that, during the whole operation, the workman's will be steadily in consonance with his purpose. This means close attention. The less he is attracted by the nature of the work, and the mode in which it is carried on, and the less, therefore, ! he enjoys it as something which gives play to his bodily and menta is forced to be.

The elementary factors of the labour-process are 1, the personal activity of man, i.e., work itself, 2, the subject of that work, and 3, its instruments.



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