Michael Clodfelter, Vietnam in Military Statistics (1995): 15,000 executions, 1954-56; 1,000 killed and wounded in peasant uprising, 1956-57 Bernard Fall, The Two Vietnams (1963): 50,000 executed in connection with land reform Gilbert: 100,000 peasants executed Harff & Gurr: 15,000 Catholic landlords, rich and middle peasants killed in North Vietnam, 1953-54 Guenter Lewy, America in Vietnam (1978): 50,000 executed, 1955-56, under land reform law of 1953 Rummel:
415,000 democides in NVN, 1945-56
Antinationalist Terror: 15,000 Land Reform: 250,000 Political Struggles: 100,000 Uprisings: 13,000 Prison/Labor Dead: 24,000 Other: 13,000
216,000 democides during the Vietnam War, 1957- 75:
in NVN: 50,000 in SVN: 166,000
Spencer Tucker, Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War (1998): up to 100,000 landlords executed or dead of starvation Marilyn Young, The Vietnam Wars: 1945-1990 (1991) cites:
Edwin Moise, "the most careful historian of the land reform": 3,000-15,000 "Inflated":
Bernard Fall: 50,000 executed Richard Nixon: 500,000 dead
AVERAGE: Three experts put the total around 15,000. Four experts put it around 50,000 to 100,000. Two put it around a half million. The safest guess would be 50- 100,000.
On Rummel, http://csf.colorado.edu/pen-l/jun99/msg01982.html