There are about 400 million muslims in South Asia. While my acquaintance with South Asian Islam is superficial, I haven't come accross any suggestion by anyone that South Asian Islam, whether radical or traditional, has been influenced by Nietzsche, Kierkegaard and Heidegger. I have in mind Marxist/leftwing writers and historians like Tariq Ali, Aijaz Ahmad, Mushirul Hasan, Bipan Chandra etc. But I may be mistaken.
I would agree that fundamentalism/communalism are a modern phenomena, in so far as they are preoccupied with the "origins". They remind me of Freud (rather Nietzsche etc.), with his interpretation of "Who am I?" "Where do I come from?" etc.
Ulhas