IRV is "instant runoff voting", also known as preference or ranking voting.
It is ideally used in situations of multi-candidate single member districts.
Instead of marking one candidate as your choice, you rank one through x your
preferences among the listed candidates. A majority of votes is necessary for
election, instead of plurality. On the first tally, if a candidate has 50% + 1
vote, they win. If no one has that, the candidate with the least votes is
eliminated and the ballots with that candidate as first choice bump to the
voter's second choice. So on and so forth until somebody gets 50% + 1.
This method theoretically eliminates the "wasted vote" syndrome. Vote for the
best choice as your first choice then the least rancid as second, etc.
Also, theoretically, having IRV could eliminate state-funded primaries, in
favor of a Louisiana style open contest. Everybody is listed, IRV sorts them
out to 50% + 1. Considering how much money is raised to run in primaries and
how much money it costs the states to hold them, this could be a strong
argument for IRV.
As Liza posted, the Center for Voting and Democracy is doing the heavy lifting
on this issue-- www.fairvote.org
Alan Jacobson
Detroit