Gender and Smiling

Gregory Geboski greg at mail.unionwebservices.com
Wed Mar 19 11:10:25 PST 2003


<< "We don't know why it maxes out among young adults," LaFrance said. "One possibility is that that is the age when the sexes are supposed to be maximally different from each other, for procreation or social purposes. After that, it's not so important." >>

Ah, dominant ideologies. Note how the sociobiological bullshit has to be thrown in, even when the evidence flatly contradicts that model.

---------- Original Message ---------------------------------- From: "Kevin Robert Dean" <qualiall at union.org.za> Reply-To: lbo-talk at lists.panix.com Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 06:46:59 +0200


>Contact: Jacqueline Weaver
>jacqueline.weaver at yale.edu
>203-432-8555
>Yale University
>
>Women smile more than men, except when they are in similar
>roles
>
>Women smile more than men, but differences disappear when
>they are in the same role, Yale researcher finds
>New Haven, Conn. -- Women do smile more than men, but when
>occupying similar work and social roles, the gender
>differences in the rate of smiling disappear, a Yale
>researcher has found.
>
>Also, there are large differences in the degree to which
>men smile less than women depending on a person's culture,
>ethnicity, age, or when people think they are being
>observed, according to the study funded by the National
>Science Foundation.
>
>"It would be interesting for social psychologists and
>anthropologists to look at these data because the wide
>cultural, ethnic and other differences suggest that the sex
>difference is not something that is hard-wired," said
>Marianne LaFrance, professor of psychology at Yale and
>senior author of the study published this month in the
>journal Pyschological Bulletin. "This is not a function of
>being male or female. Each culture overlays men and women
>with rules about appropriate behavior for men and women."
>
>LaFrance and her co-authors, Elizabeth Paluck of Yale and
>Marvin Hecht, a graduate student at the time, set out to
>examine every available study that has been done on sex
>differences in smiling. Ultimately, they looked at 186
>research reports.
>
>They found that women do smile more than men, but the
>difference is modest. "The difference is there, but it's
>not whopping," LaFrance said. "Indeed, there are studies
>that find just the opposite."
>
>Also, the rate at which men and women differ in how much
>they smile is greater in the United States and Canada than
>in other parts of the world, like England and Australia. In
>the United States, there is a greater sex difference among
>Caucasians in smiling, but this difference virtually
>disappears among African-Americans.
>
>In terms of age differences, teens show the largest sex
>difference in smiling. After that, the sexes converge on
>their smile rates. "We don't know why it maxes out among
>young adults," LaFrance said. "One possibility is that that
>is the age when the sexes are supposed to be maximally
>different from each other, for procreation or social
>purposes. After that, it's not so important."
>
>The researchers also found that the largest sex differences
>in smiling occurred when men and women thought they were
>being observed. They smiled more similarly when they
>thought no one was looking.
>
>"The logic here is when people know their behavior is being
>monitored, they more closely adhere to the norms for
>appropriate behavior for their gender," LaFrance said.
>"People are at their gendered best when people are
>looking."
>
>Men and women also smile about the same amount when they
>are in the same position in terms of power, occupation or
>social role. Here, LaFrance surmises that the sex
>differences are overridden by smile norms for the role one
>is in, rather than with the sex one is.
>
>However, when there is tension in the air, women more often
>than men try to diffuse it with a smile. "Women do what we
>call 'emotion work' and one of the best ways to do this is
>to smile to soothe hurt feelings, to restore harmony,"
>LaFrance said.
>---
>Sent from UnionMail Service [http://mail.union.org.za]
>
>



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