<HTML> It's been several decades since I read the _Federalist Papers_ -- but it seems to me (if my memory for both content & number is correct) that Nos. 10 & 51 esp. were in effect promises that the Constitution would not lead to democracy (in the sense of the "masses" or "factions" having a loud voice in decision-making). Carrol ^^^^^^^ CB: And didn't these demi-gods of liberal "democracy" understand "factions" as political parties representing different economic classes, and therefore favor a one party system or system run by one party in particular ? Guess which class' party. </BLOCKQUOTE> This was too honest.  It took their political descendants to realize that the <BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">deception "freedom and choice" which is two parties (representing one class) would make a bourgeois democratic republic more secure for its ruling class.</BLOCKQUOTE> </HTML>