<HTML>from andie n > > Einstein , living in Germany with most > physicist-colleagues doing work for > the military, Like who? Before the Manhattan project, no one thought that physics had any militray applications at all. And of course Einstein signed the famous letter that helped get Roosevelt's support for the Manhattan Project . . . jks ^^^^^^ CB: From _Einstein: The Life and Times_ by Ronald W. Clark page 179: "...He ( Einstein) was therefore shocked at what he witnessed in Berlin. For now his colleagues leaped to arms unbidden, as certain as Rupert Brooke where duty lay. His former assistant, Ludwig Hopf, joined the German Air Ministry and helped to develop military aircraft...The young Max Born...worked first for the German air force and then for a military board investigating the physics of sound ranging. Schwarzschild...served as a mathematical expert with the German armies on the eastern front. Nernst ...advised on chemical agents for shells...Fritz Haber...received a problem from the Ordinance Department. Request was made for gasoline with a low freezing point...It had quickly become clear that his (Haber's) revolutionary method for producing ammonia - for which he was later awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry - was essential to the stockpiling of explosives and fertilizer. ..Next he was brought in to advise on the practicability of gas warfare. ( Haber invented mustard gas) ..." </HTML>