>>What did the Athenians do with the expropriated people and the land
>>expropriated from them, however?
>
>Killed or enslaved them. In the good cases, they were allowed to
>rule themselves but had to hand over tribute. In mixed cases, some
>Athenians mixed with some natives and stole some of their land. But
>all colonies either handed over tribute or were expropriated and
>repopulated.
In other words, the expropriated did not become proletarians, which was the effect of primitive accumulation in Ireland that many bourgeois ideologues advocated vigorously:
***** With characteristic audacity, [William] Petty (1690, 287) rhapsodized that "that vast Mountainous Island [of Ireland would sink] under Water," thus expropriating its inhabitants from their land and livelihood, and forcing them to migrate to England, where they could be exploited efficiently, "a pleasant and profitable Dream indeed." More practically, Petty (1687, 560; see also 1927, 58-61) called on the government to hasten the development of a proletariat by removing a million Irish to England, leaving the remaining population to manage Ireland as a cattle ranch or in his words as a "Kind of Factory." . . .
Petty, Sir William. 1687. A treatise of Ireland. In vol. 2 of _The writings of sir William Petty_, edited by C. H. Hull. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1899; New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1963.
--- 1690. Political arithmetick, 1690. In vol. 1 of _The writings of sir William Petty_, edited by C. H. Hull. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1899; New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1963.
--- 1927. _The Petty papers: Some unpublished papers of Sir William Petty_, edited by the Marquis of Lansdowne, 2 vols. London: Constable.
(Michael Perelman, _The Invention of Capitalism: Classical Political Economy and the Secret History of Primitive Accumulation_, Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2000, 128-129) *****
Perelman writes: "We might think of Ireland as the litmus test for an interest in primitive accumulation" (313). All major classical political economists fretted over the recalcitrant Irish peasant masses' resistance to subordination to capital and taxed their brains to come up with schemes (e.g., high food prices) to break them down and make them submit to the discipline of wage labor. -- Yoshie
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