To reiterate it is not appropriate to compare WMT to Costco (perhaps like comparing Microsoft, which also has among other things a search engine, to Google?). Also, the BW article does address this issue by specifically noting that the WMT model (which I would label "parasitic") works only because it is one company WMT practising it... it is not scalable. Overall/long-term profitability itself is determined by, I would think, a complex set of factors, including among them sustainability. WMT, again as BW notes, passes the buck to the public in hidden forms (health costs, etc). This is all arguable of course, but it is not the case that BW's argument depends on assuming that WMT managers are stupid, etc.
>From a mathematical POV these "philosophies" seem to be oscillatory and
there is money to be made (for WS) on either end. The impact of the
[down]swing is absorbed elsewhere.
--ravi
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