I don't know who invented the terms "the North" and "the South," but, as far as I know, the terms are used by non-Westerners -- especially by Latin Americans, it seems -- in popular culture as well as political discourse.
E.g.,
In political discourse:
"Al citar al poeta y escritor uruguayo Mario Benedetti quien sentenció en una de sus creaciones que 'el Sur también existe', el presidente de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela Hugo Chávez Frías, compartió este pensar y agregó que 'nosotros somos los hombres y las mujeres del Sur y el mundo necesita el equilibrio entre el Norte y el Sur, si es que queremos un mundo de iguales y en paz. Si no, no habrá paz en el mundo'" [Citing the Uruguayan poet and writer Mario Benedetti who wrote in one of his creations that "the South also exists," the president of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Hugo Chávez Frías shared this thought and added that "we are men and women of the South, and the world needs balance between the North and the South, if we want a world of equals in peace. If there is no balance, there will be no peace in the world"] ("Es necesario el equilibrio entre el Norte y el Sur para un mundo de iguales," 31 March 2006, <http://www.mci.gov.ve/noticias-prensa-presidencial/28/9354/es_necesario_el.html>).
In popular culture:
Ricardo Arjona, "Si El Norte Fuera El Sur" [If the North Were the South]: Lyrics, <http://www.tsrocks.com/r/ricardo_arjona_texts/si_el_norte_fuera_el_sur.html>; Video <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vVXCnbpBB0>.
-- Yoshie <http://montages.blogspot.com/> <http://mrzine.org> <http://monthlyreview.org/>