It's not one reference; it's a meta-analysis of many studies. Moreover, there are multiple meta-analyses--about 100 studies total--that all lead to the same conclusion: the higher your IQ, the better your job performance in most "white collar" jobs. This research is not rocket science: you just give a diverse group of people an IQ test, gather relevant job evaluation data for the same people, and calculate the correlation between IQ and job performance. For most white-collar jobs, the correlation is around r = .50.
Again, this is not evidence that IQ is a measure of general mental ability; I'm presenting these data as someone who agrees with Gould's critique of intelligence testing. But they are valid scientific data!
Miles