> Chuck,
>
> we (Doyle and I) have been discussing this on PEN-L for a day or two.
> But w.r.t the above, IMHO you are wrong: Natural selection (as per
> standard theory and the MS) occurs at the level of the individual.
> Arguments for higher levels of selection, "group selection", have been
> around at least since Wynne-Edwards (late 50s?), and Gould/PE have
> little to do with that.
No, check out Gould's Structure of Evolutionary Theory. He is quite sympathetic to the notion of selection at the extraindividual level. There is no compelling reason why adaptation must occur at the level of the individual species member.
Miles