[lbo-talk] Enzo Traverso: The Hate Factory: Xenophobia and Racism in Europe

[c b]

"Appearing towards the end of the eighteenth century, then entering
into symbiosis with modern colonialism and nationalism, racism reached
its apogee in the last century, when the encounter between fascism and
anti-Semitism led in Nazi Germany to an epilogue of extermination."

____
CB; Actually, white supremacy had  "apogees" prior to the Nazis in the
European invasion and genocidal usurpation of the Western Hemisphere
and the African slave trade.
^^^^

"According to an intuition formulated at one time by Pierre-André
Taguieff – who has today gone over, lock, stock and barrel to the
neo-conservative Right – the contemporary racist discourse has
undergone a veritable metamorphosis, giving up its hierarchical and
“racialist” orientation (according to the old model of Gobineau,
Chamberlain, Vacher de Lapouge or Lombroso) to become differentialist
and culturalist. In other words, it has slid from the “science of
races” to ethnocentrism [1]. These changes, however, do not modify the
old mechanism of social rejection and moral exclusion that Erving
Goffman summarized by the concept of stigma [2]."