-- Wojtek
^^^^ CB: Why is it that Marxists advocate "centralized", that is holistic, planning or planning at the level of the whole economy ? This is , of course , derived from its critique of the anarchy of production of capitalism. Capitalism is made up of entrepreneurs and enterprises of all of which supply a certain amount of goods or services without regard to how much the other enterprises will produce. So, often there is a mismatch between supply and demand at the level of the whole, because the parts are not coordinated and are left up to their own estimates and devices . The price mechanism and its signals cannot get around this, because the problem is not based on the subjectivities of consumers, subjective "demand".
Also, an economy is complex of inter-related part enterprises, complementary parts. Marx and Engels were focused in this regard on the socialization of production and its increase. There is the sociologist Emile Durkheim's organic solidarity among capitalist enterprises as in all historic economies. Today we have a world wide web of labor. There is an optimizing necessity for coordination of these parts as a whole. Communism will be a world system. Globalization or imperialism is a precursor of Communism.
As to unforseen costs being resolved more optimally locally, in general, the insurance function is carried out better at the level of the whole because the locales that are not adversely impacted by the unforeseen costs can share their good fortune with the unfortunate locales _through the "center"_. The connection between locales is the "center" . ("Center" is a symbol of the whole through the metaphor of the circle in which the center is equidistant from every point on the circle ,and thereby is a point that represents the whole circle like no other point).