Yoshie Furuhashi <furuhashi.1 at osu.edu> wrote:At 6:12 AM -0700 4/17/03, eric dorkin wrote:
>Because more than HALF of people surveyed thought that Iraqis
>attacked the world trade center.
I doubt that it's true. Not even the most conservative students in my classes (one of whom wrote an essay making an argument that the US government should allow qualified agents to practice torture without quite legalizing it officially), anti-anti-war demonstrators, and those who have sent me and my pals anonymous hate messages (by phone and e-mail) have ever said that Saddam Hussein was responsible for the 9.11 attacks. (Keep in mind that my students are exactly the demographic cohort that is among the most likely to support the war: young and predominantly white.)
Now, let's take a look at opinion polls about "Iraq's Possible Links to Terrorists":
***** Conflict With Iraq
Iraq's Possible Links to Terrorists
An overwhelming majority believes the Iraqi government is actively involved in supporting terrorists, though the public seems unsure if it is connected to the September 11 attacks. Iraq's possible links to terrorism and September 11 appear to play a minor role in justifying support for military action among the general population. However, belief in the link between Saddam Hussein and September 11 plays a critical role for a significant minority, such that without it there might not be majority support for military action. If new evidence were established showing links between Iraq and terrorist groups, this would substantially increase support for military action.
Iraq's Links to Terrorism
A near-unanimous majority believes that the Iraqi government trains and supports terrorists. In an August 2002 Gallup survey, 86% said they think "Saddam Hussein is involved in supporting terrorist groups that have plans to attack the United States." Just 8% felt Hussein was not involved in such activities (don't know: 6%). This is virtually unchanged since late 2001, when Wirthlin found 91% saying they "believe that Iraq encourages, trains, and supports terrorists." Asked the same question by Penn, Schoen and Berland in September 2001, 91% believed Iraq was involved in aiding terrorists. Most recently, Newsweek elaborated a different version, asking whether respondents "believe[d] that Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq is harboring al-Qaeda terrorists and helping them to develop chemical weapons." A somewhat lower 75% said they believed this (September 2002). [1]
Also, an overwhelming majority believes that removing Saddam Hussein would be at least somewhat effective as a step in the war on terrorism. A November 2001 Zogby poll found 80% who said this would be at least "somewhat effective" (with 48% saying "very effective"). [2]
Iraq is even seen as more supportive of terrorists than Iran. When asked in an August 2002 Fox poll whether Iraq or Iran "is a stronger supporter of terrorism and poses the greater immediate danger to the United States," a strong plurality of 49% chose Iraq. Just 18% chose Iran, while 23% volunteered that they were both about equal. [3]
It is not clear, however, that a majority believes there is a connection between Iraq and the September 11 terrorist attacks. When respondents were asked to say who they thought was responsible for the September 11 attacks, a fairly small percentage identified Saddam Hussein or Iraq. Shortly after September 11, respondents were asked the open-ended question: "Who do you think is more responsible [sic] for the recent terrorist attacks on the New York World Trade Center and the Pentagon?" Only 3% proposed Saddam Hussein or Iraq, while 57% named Osama bin Laden as the most likely suspect. All who answered were asked for a second choice; this time Iraq scored higher, but still only got 27% of responses (Wirthlin, September 15-17, 2001). When a CNN/USA Today poll presented Iraq as a possible object of blame for September 11, 41% said they blamed Iraq "a great deal", but this was lower than the percentage blaming other countries and actors a great deal, including Osama bin Laden (83%), Afghanistan (64%), and fundamentalist Muslim leaders (53%). [4]
One poll has found a slight majority saying that Iraq was behind the attacks. In August 2002, a Gallup poll found 53% saying they believed "Saddam Hussein was personally involved in the September 11 attacks"; 34% did not think so and 13% had no opinion. However it should be noted that this question immediately followed a question in which 86% agreed that Hussein was involved in supporting terrorists generally, so that a 'response set' may have accounted for some of this agreement with the question about September 11. [5]
Justification for Military Action
Iraq's possible links to terrorists and September 11 seem to play a fairly minor role in most Americans' support for taking military action against Iraq. When a poll question specifically made the connection between Iraq's link to terrorism in general (not specifically September 11) and attacking Iraq, a modest majority saw it as a justification. Asked, "In your mind, is there enough of a link between Iraq and terrorism to justify a US military campaign to try to topple the regimeŠor does the US need to offer more evidence?" 55% said there was enough of a link; 34% said the US needed to offer more evidence (11% not sure; Investors' Business Daily/Christian Science Monitor, December 2001). However when an August Gallup poll asked respondents who said they had a clear idea why the U.S. is considering military action against Iraq to cite "the reasons why the United States may take new military action against Iraq." Just 4% said it was because Iraq had something to do with terrorism. [6]
However, it does appear that for a significant minority Iraq's possible links to September 11 plays an important role in its support for taking action against Iraq. When NBC/Wall Street Journal asked in January 2002 whether the US should "take military action against Iraq and Saddam Hussein, even if Iraq had nothing to do with the September 11 attacks," only 47% said the US should take military action in that case, while 42% said the US should not. This level of support for military action is approximately 20% lower than questions that have simply asked about taking military action. Thus it appears that were it not for this possible linkage between Saddam Hussein and September 11 in the minds of a minority of Americans, there would not be clear majority support for taking military action against Iraq. [7]...
This Site Maintained by: Program on International Policy Attitudes *****
The polls surveyed above suggest that Americans are not well informed about US politics, Iraq, terrorism, etc., but they are not as ignorant as some LBO-talkers believe them to be. What the majority of Americans believe is that Iraq has supported terrorists, not that it was involved in the 9.11 attacks or that the 9.11 attacks have anything to do with the war on Iraq.
The lesson for leftists -- if there is any lesson here -- is that the vague but persistent right-wing propaganda about the "rogue states" supporting terrorism in general -- rather than specifically the 9.11 attacks -- has influenced American hearts and minds.
Also, keep in mind that 30% of Americans will always remain the enemies of the left: "Peter Feaver of Duke University, in a book on public opinion and war, writes that 30 percent of the American public is always ready to fight and will support almost any war....On the other hand, Feaver says 10 percent of Americans are pacifists and consistently oppose all military action" (Joan King, "Opinion Polls on War Misleading," ). 30% of them will never be won to our side. -- Yoshie
* Calendar of Events in Columbus:
* Student International Forum: * Committee for Justice in Palestine: * Al-Awda-Ohio: * Solidarity:
___________________________________ http://mailman.lbo-talk.org/mailman/listinfo/lbo-talk
--------------------------------- Do you Yahoo!? The New Yahoo! Search - Faster. Easier. Bingo. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: <../attachments/20030417/05bcd86b/attachment.htm>