I have found that the best analysis of the 14th Amendment is by Akhil Reed Amar.
The piece is a long (102 pages), but well worth the effort. Amar turned me into a 14th Amendment groupie.
http://islandia.law.yale.edu/amar/lawreview/1992Bill.pdf
I would add that many of his pieces (especially those written with his brother) are terrific reading.
http://islandia.law.yale.edu/amar/
Brian Dauth Queer Buddhist Resister