that's true in most cases, but hardly true across the board... and the exceptions are part of what is unjust about affirming one applicant over another because of race, sex or whatever market gimmick is being used at that moment...
even though racist bias against blacks is an infinitely bigger problem than those individual affirmative action cases would lead some to believe, those cases, even as exceptions to the rule, can make it seem to the person who doesn't get the job, that the only rule is against "him", racially or sexually...that is the curse, or beauty (from the system protector's viewpoint), of alleging to solve, or deal with, or even confront a deep rooted social problem by devising a nifty little divide and conquer, marketing, individual, surface solution...
barf!
fs