Answering Ulhas, I wrote:
>
> I goofed a but on my information on the Uzbek
> pogroms
> -- it was in 1989, not 1991. There were so many
> pogroms and ethnic clashes in the last years of the
> USSR that it's hard to keep them all straight.
>
>
Here's the breakdown of late Soviet pogroms. I'm going by A. Shubin, "Paradoksy Perestroiky" (Paradoxes of Perestroika).
1988
22 Feb. Thousands of Ajerbaijani nationalists attack Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh. Around 50 casualties.
28-29. Pogrom in Sumgait (Ajerbaijan). Ajerbaijani nationalists attack Armenian refugees with axes and other hand weapons. 32 dead, 197 wounded, 12 rapes, more than 100 apartments tobbed.
Sept. 18. Nagorno-Karabakh. Clashes between Armenians and Ajerbaijanis, including the first use of firearms. 25 wounded, 17 hospitalized.
Nov. 21-25. Multiple pogroms against Armenians in Ajerbaijan in the cities of Baku, Kirovobad, Nakhichevani, Khanlar, Shamkhor, Fizuli and others. In Kirovobad demonstrations took place under the slogan "Death to Armenians and Russians!", and a church, the gorkom and Armenian apartments were burned to the ground. 547 people are arrested after intervention by Soviet military. 200 thousand Armenian refugees flee Ajerbaijan.
Dec. 7. Catastrophic earthquake in Armenia. (Poor Armenia!)
1989
June 3-15. Pogroms in the Fergana Valley (Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic). An everyday conflict between Uzbeks and Meskhetian Turks in a bazaar develops into systematic anti-Turk pogroms. Turks form resistance. 103 dead -- 53 Meskhetian Turks and 36 Uzbeks. More than 400 homes and 8 industrial and educational centers burned to the ground.
June 13. Tajikistan. In the city of Isfar, clashes between Tajiks and Kyrgyz over division of land. More than 1 thousand people participate. 27 wounded, 1 dead.
June 15-16. Sukhumi (Abkhazia, Georgia). Armed conflict begins between Georgians and Abkhaz, who attack police and take their weapons. 14 dead, more than 150 wounded.
June 17-18. City of Novyi Uzen (Kazakhstan). A fight at a disco between Kazakhs and Caucasians turns ugly. Kazakhs demand that all Caucasians be expelled, and clashes occur. Three people dead.
Nov. 23. Beginning of Georgian/South Ossetian conflict.
Beginning in Fall of 1989. Pogroms again against Armenians in Ajerbaijan. Lack of interference by the police and military results in 148 dead, 503 wounded, thousands of homes robbed. All Armenians remaining in Ajerbaijan flee. On Jan. 20, Soviet troops and armored vehicles are sent into Baku and armed clashes occur with Ajerbaijani nationalists. More than 130 dead, around 700 wounded.
Nu, zayats, pogodi!
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