[lbo-talk] SEIU membership

Yoshie Furuhashi critical.montages at gmail.com
Tue Apr 3 12:13:39 PDT 2007


On 4/3/07, Doug Henwood <dhenwood at panix.com> wrote:
> Still, let's give SEIU the
> benefit of the doubt - then 42% of the growth, rather than 70%, from
> 2000-2006 came from the homecare/childcare workers. That's not
> traditional organizing in any sense. And what was the growth by
> merger/acquisition? Any numbers on that?
>
> Since much of SEIU's cred is based on its claimed organizing
> successes, this obviously matters quite a lot.

Perhaps the idea of "traditional organizing" that many have is a false one that has never worked in history.

1. Unions in the North grew the fastest not through "traditional organizing" under normal circumstances but through wartime labor shortages and labor unions' wartime cooperation with states during WW1 and elections of pro-labor governments from the Great Depression to WW2:

War gave labor extraordinary opportunities. Combatant

governments rewarded pro-war labor leaders with positions

in the expanded state bureaucracy and support for collective

bargaining and unions. Union growth also reflected economic

conditions when wartime labor shortages strengthened the

bargaining position of workers and unions. Unions grew rapidly

during and immediately after the war. British unions, for example,

doubled their membership between 1914 and 1920, to enroll

eight million workers, almost half the nonagricultural labor force

(Bain and Price, 1980; Visser, 1989). Union membership tripled

in Germany and Sweden, doubled in Canada, Denmark,

the Netherlands, and Norway, and almost doubled in the United

States (see Table 5 and Table 1). For twelve countries,

membership grew by 121 percent between 1913 and 1920,

including 119 percent growth in seven combatant countries and

160 percent growth in five neutral states.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Economic depression lowers union membership when

unemployed workers drop their membership and employers

use their stronger bargaining position to defeat union drives

(Bain and Elsheikh, 1976). Indeed, union membership fell

with the onset of the Great Depression but, contradicting the

usual pattern, membership rebounded sharply after 1932

despite high unemployment, rising by over 76 percent in ten

countries by 1938 (see Table 6 and Table 1). The fastest

growth came in countries with openly pro-union governments.

In France, where the Socialist Léon Blum led a Popular Front

government, and the United States, during Franklin Roosevelt's

New Deal, membership rose by 160 percent 1933-38. But

membership grew by 33 percent in eight other countries even

without openly pro-labor governments.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Union membership exploded during and after the war,

nearly doubling between 1938 and 1946. By 1947, unions

had enrolled a majority of nonagricultural workers in

Scandinavia, Australia, and Italy, and over 40 percent in

most other European countries (see Table 1). Accumulated

depression and wartime grievances sparked a post- war strike

wave that included over 6 million strikers in France in 1948,

4 million in Italy in 1949 and 1950, and 5 million in the United

States in 1946. In Europe, popular unrest led to a dramatic

political shift to the left.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

It was after World War II that American Exceptionalism

became most valid, when the United States emerged

as the advanced, capitalist democracy with the weakest

labor movement. The United States was the only advanced

capitalist democracy where unions went into prolonged

decline right after World War II. At 35 percent, the unionization

rate in 1945 was the highest in American history, but even

then it was lower than in most other advanced capitalist

economies. It has been falling since. The post-war strike

wave, including three million strikers in 1945 and five million

in 1946, was the largest in American history but it did little to

enhance labor's political position or bargaining leverage.

Instead, it provoked a powerful reaction among employers

and others suspicious of growing union power. A concerted

drive by the CIO to organize the South, "Operation Dixie,"

failed dismally in 1946. Unable to overcome private

repression, racial divisions, and the pro-employer stance

of southern local and state governments, the CIO's defeat

left the South as a nonunion, low-wage domestic enclave

and a bastion of anti- union politics (Griffith, 1988). Then,

in 1946, a conservative Republican majority was elected

to Congress, dashing hopes for a renewed, post-war New Deal.

(Gerald Friedman, "Labor Unions in the United States," <http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/friedman.unions.us>)

2. Many kinds of work and workers in the private and public sectors, especially those growing the fastest now, are not "traditional" and can never be unionized to a great extent through "traditional organizing." One of them is care-giving work in an increasingly aging society. In this sector, it takes political redefinition of "work" and "workers" to organize those who receive money directly or indirectly from the state to provide care-giving labor, some to relatives, others to non-relatives, and that's what SEIU has done. SEIU's strategy doesn't work for the private sector, but then again no other existing union's works either. Organized labor in the USA will probably remain only in the public and quasi-public sectors, unless something changes circumstances as dramatically as WW1, the Great Depression, or WW2 changed them. -- Yoshie



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