I think this device was popularized in the United States by this guy, Pavel Tsatsouline:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nInallL_o5U&feature=player_embedded
Even more amusing videos can be downloaded or viewed on the various Asian video websites, including titles like "Power to the People."
According to his books, the Soviet science of fitness was radically different from the American one. The American model is based on the idea that strength is a function of muscle mass, so strength training is centered on building muscle, whereas the Soviet model operates on the premise that strength is essentially cognitive control over muscular tension, and the methods of training reflect this.
I have no idea if this is accurate, or whether it reflects some real ideological difference. The American science certainly fits well with an image-centered commodity culture, a fixation on quantity, and certain norms of masculinity--I can only speculate about the Soviet science.
Fitness Lysenkoism? I hope so. It seems to get better results, anyway.