By John Asbury The Press-Enterprise July 30, 2009
Fueled by anger over the economy, immigration and the election of President Barack Obama, white supremacists have been increasing in number in the Inland region and throughout California during the past year, local and national experts say.
The Southern Poverty Law Center, which tracks hate activity, reports 84 known hate groups in California. The No. 2 state, Texas, has 66. About a dozen of those groups are in the Inland area, including Riverside, Hemet, San Bernardino and Temecula, according to the center.
In the past year, a new chapter of the National Socialist Movement -- a sect of the largest neo-Nazi group in the country -- started in Riverside, according to Riverside County sheriff's investigators and the Anti-Defamation League. The group has not been tied to criminal activity in the Inland area, authorities say.
"If you look at the election of the first black president and the state of the economy being what it is today, with unemployment at an all-time high, these types of things are kind of a perfect storm for these feelings to foment and for white supremacists to feel validated," said Joanna Mendelson, California investigative researcher for the Anti-Defamation League, a civil rights advocacy group.
In addition to concerns about membership going up, Inland agencies are seeing a few of the groups become more sophisticated and violent, developing criminal organizations that don't just target minorities but are also branching into drugs and weapons trafficking. Those activities are easier to conceal in remote regions like some parts of the Inland area, said Mendelson and Inland authorities.
Statistics on hate crimes committed and charges filed remain limited. The most recent state attorney general's office report was based on crimes committed in 2007.
But Inland police and sheriff's investigators and national experts point to a number of factors -- including recent violent attacks and a rise in hate propaganda online -- as evidence that hate activity is on the rise here.
Local law enforcement agencies are stepping up efforts to monitor hate groups such as racist skinhead organizations, which commonly adopt Aryan or new-Nazi beliefs and target people of certain races and religions. The goal is to put violent offenders in prison and stop criminal groups before they gain too much power.
For example, seven members of a Hemet skinhead group have been arrested in the November beating of a Hispanic man, described by Hemet police as backlash against Obama's election.
San Bernardino County authorities say they dismantled a large skinhead organization this year that they suspect was involved in multiple murders and assaults.
In addition to the skinhead and neo-Nazi groups on the Southern Poverty Law Center's list of Inland Southern California hate groups, the center includes a border security organization, an anti-gay religious group and a black separatist group, which may be deemed intolerant but are not linked to crime or violence.
Brian Levin, director of the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at Cal State San Bernardino, said he believes the Inland area has the largest number of hate groups in the United States.
"When you look at the sheer number of groups in the Inland Empire to begin with, it is significant," he said.
BREEDING GROUND
Law enforcement officials say the Inland area follows the pattern of other areas on the outskirts of larger cities, where hate groups pop up amid a "white flight" migration out of cities and suburbs that have become more developed and diverse.
"Southern California is a prime location for recruiting of white supremacist gang members," Hemet police Detective Bob Nishida said. "They're looking for the type of people with neo-Nazi beliefs, and for this area, generally speaking, there's a lot of people with those same beliefs."
Though most of California's skinheads are not affiliated with any groups, the Inland area is an exception.
"Since the election, we've seen an increased drive for groups to unite under one flag," said San Bernardino County sheriff's Deputy Eric Ogaz.
In remote regions such as the High Desert, skinhead groups are more frequently holding "unityfests" -- joint meetings between different organizations to merge forces and have the potential to plan criminal activity, he said. Authorities see such rallies as an effort to become more violent and instill fear into the community.
"It makes more sense for them to act as a unit," Ogaz said. "There's a greater fight in a dog working in the sense of a pack."
This spring, San Bernardino County sheriff's deputies arrested seven members of the Inland Empire Skins. The suspects were accused of an October home invasion robbery and attempted murder in Hesperia, and conspiracy to commit murder of a witness in San Jacinto.
The group, based in San Bernardino and Hesperia, originated in 2002. Its members often have tattoos of swastikas and other symbols of hate against blacks, Hispanics and homosexuals.
San Bernardino County Sheriff Rod Hoops said the department suspects the group is responsible for numerous murders and assaults. The Sheriff's Department also has linked the group to gun trafficking to and from Riverside County.
While the Inland Empire Skins primarily target minorities, Ogaz said, the October home invasion and attempted murder case targeted another skinhead who was selling drugs. The organization is a traditional sect of skinheads, where members believe in remaining drug-free to keep their blood pure, and they will go after anyone known to be using or selling drugs, Ogaz said.
The same day the suspects were arrested, April 20, two women in the gang had arranged to give birth because it would have been Adolf Hitler's 120th birthday, Ogaz said.
MOTIVATIONS FOR HATE
While black people remain the most frequent target of white supremacists, experts say hatred of Hispanic immigrants is perhaps their fastest-growing motivation, both locally and nationally.
"What we've been seeing is the growth driven by anti-immigrant propaganda," said Mark Potok, director of intelligence projects for the Southern Poverty Law Center.
The economic downturn also has played a role in drawing people to white supremacist groups, Mendelson said. Two main scapegoats are Hispanic immigrants, who are blamed for taking jobs, and Jews, blamed for the banking collapse, she said.
The Riverside County district attorney's office classifies racist skinhead organizations into two categories: those traditionally focused on political ideology, and those that commit crimes more like a street gang.
"There do seem to be more skinhead gangs with prison ties moving into the Inland Empire," said Nikolaus Peterson, a Riverside County deputy district attorney. "They're not as motivated by hate as much as criminal control and dealing drugs."
Other skinheads are opposed to racism and criminal activity, he said.
"You can't paint every shaved head with the same brush," Peterson said.
Hollie Schrack, 24, of Big Bear City, is a member of C.O.O.R.S. Family Skins, which stands for Comrades Of Our Racial Struggle.
She said her "racialist" beliefs are not about hating others but about loving people of her own heritage.
"Other groups are allotted to have a significant amount of pride and venues to idealize pride for their heritage," she said. "It's sad -- we're not allowed to be proud of being white."
Schrack said she doesn't consider herself a white supremacist or superior to other races, but she does discourage interracial relationships.
Hemet police took notice of the C.O.O.R.S. gang last year following an August stabbing of another white supremacist who did not want to join the gang, Nishida said.
Schrack denies race played a factor in a beating that police say C.O.O.R.S. members committed.
A Hispanic man was beaten into a coma in Hemet in November. Four members are charged with attacking the man while screaming "White power," according to Hemet police.
C.O.O.R.S. members contend they were defending themselves after the man broke into one of their cars.
On the group's Web site, which Schrack took down after the arrests, the organization professed, "We hate with pure virtuous hatred, anything or anyone that threatens Our way of life or attempts to stand in the way of Our Racial preservation."
CRACKING DOWN
Local law enforcement has begun trying to crack down on many of the white supremacist groups suspected of violent crimes and drug-trade involvement.
Both the Riverside and San Bernardino county sheriff's departments have gang task forces that track the white supremacists in addition to other street gangs.
The Hemet Valley Gang Task Force has joined with the Riverside County Sheriff's Department and district attorney's office to add white supremacist groups to their gang-prevention program. Gang officers are attempting to reach teens and their families to steer them away from violence, said Nishida.
Since the C.O.O.R.S. arrests, the gang has been dormant, Nishida said.
"It hasn't gone away; they seem to always come back," he said. "There's a high chance they probably will."
Other than imprisoning group leaders and violent members, authorities say, little can be done to stop hate groups from forming, or to change their ideologies. If one group is dismantled, oftentimes more quickly form.
Still, Inland law enforcement agents say they are trying to stop the groups from gaining momentum by enforcement against smaller crimes. The intention is that tracking groups and making arrests will prevent larger conspiracies from being carried out.
"There's no such thing as a minor crime," Ogaz said. "If we don't treat these aggressively, small crimes could fester and create community-wide tension."
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