Marx does this. He opposes X to Y. The bourgeois to the proletariat. Coincidence? No! He's operating from Hegelian logic.
Hegelian logic has nothing to do with "material reality". It is a method for interpreting or discerning material reality (you choose - its arbitrary). Read Das Kapital - its a reading of history in terms of binary opposites. This isn't arbitrary - I consider it ingenious - but you could read history in a million other ways (through famous characters; through population growth; through intra-sexual struggle; through race-war... you choose).
Personally I consider Marx's the most valid. But its not materialistic - at least not in the sense that proving that heat cannot transfer from a colder to a hotter body is.