See Dante's "De Vulgaria Eloquentia" for the articulation of these ideas.
Joanna
----- Original Message ----- This is a historical footnote and does not respond directly to Michael's subject line query.
As he suggests, "meaningless work" is a feature of capitalism. My query: Prior to the rise and triumph of capitalism had _anyone_ ever been concerned, one way or another, with the meaning or non-meaning of work? Hence it would have been not just meaningless but unimaginable for the question of the meaning of work to be raised (for example) by one of Chaucer's pilgrims, or by any of the damned or the saved in Dante's world. If somehow raised the only response could have been some version of "Huh?"